Understanding Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is a federal program that provides monthly financial assistance to individuals who are unable to work due to a severe, long-term disability. SSDI is funded through payroll taxes, meaning only those who have contributed to Social Security through FICA taxes are eligible to apply.
Social Security administers two disability benefit programs:
- Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) – Based on work history and contributions.
- Supplemental Security Income (SSI) – Needs-based assistance for low-income individuals.
SSDI Eligibility Requirements
To qualify for SSDI benefits, applicants must meet the following conditions:
- Work History & Credits – Must have worked and paid Social Security taxes for a certain number of years, based on age at the time of disability.
- Severe Disability – Must be unable to perform substantial gainful activity (SGA) due to a medical condition expected to last at least 12 months or result in death.
- Medical Documentation – Must provide medical records that confirm the disability.
- Income Limitations – Earning above Social Security’s SGA threshold may disqualify an applicant.
Who Can Receive SSDI Benefits?
SSDI is designed for individuals whose disabilities prevent them from working for an extended period. Federal law enforces a strict definition of disability, meaning partial or short-term disabilities do not qualify.
- Standard Work Requirement – Most applicants must have worked at least 5 of the last 10 years before becoming disabled.
- Younger Applicants – Individuals under age 24 may qualify with fewer years of work experience.
- Family Benefits – In some cases, certain family members of disabled workers may also be eligible for benefits. More details are available in the “Can My Family Get Benefits?” section.
For more details on SSDI and how to apply, visit SSA.gov/disability and see GovOneStop Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) for application tips.